Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE

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TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE
3 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Debt Securities, Trading, and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Abstract]  
TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE
As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, trading and available-for-sale securities consisted of:
  June 30, 2024 March 31, 2024
 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt $ 2,135,862  $ 2,409,126 
Corporate debt 1,084,410  1,108,870 
Corporate equity 123,520  126,103 
U.S. sovereign debt 43,452  43,173 
Exchange traded notes 6,692  1,348 
Total trading securities $ 3,393,936  $ 3,688,620 
June 30, 2024 March 31, 2024
Corporate debt $ 194,327  $ 173,568 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 52,413  27,016 
U.S. sovereign debt 16,120  16,037 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 262,860  $ 216,621 

The following tables present maturity analysis for available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:

June 30, 2024
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Up to 1 year 1-5 years 5-10 years More than 10 years Total
Corporate debt 37,704  86,644  59,322  10,657  194,327 
Non-US sovereign debt 14,240  17,884  13,643  6,646  52,413 
US sovereign debt —  5,132  9,798  1,190  16,120 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 51,944  $ 109,660  $ 82,763  $ 18,493  $ 262,860 

March 31, 2024
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Up to 1 year 1-5 years 5-10 years More than 10 years Total
Corporate debt 65,415  44,374  59,553  4,226  173,568 
Non-US sovereign debt 7,839  7,310  5,797  6,070  27,016 
US sovereign debt —  5,059  9,753  1,225  16,037 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 73,254  $ 56,743  $ 75,103  $ 11,521  $ 216,621 

As of June 30, 2024, the Group held debt securities of two issuers each of which individually exceeded 10% of the Group’s total trading and available-for-sale securities - the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $2,175,004 and Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $726,402. As of March 31, 2024, the Group held debt securities of two issuers each of which individually exceeded 10% of the Group’s total trading securities and available-for-sale securities - the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amounts of $2,420,855 and the Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $727,440, respectively. The debt securities issued by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC are categorized as non-US sovereign debt and corporate debt, respectively.
As of the June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, the Group recognized $363 and $413 other-than-temporary impairment in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The fair value of securities is determined using observable market data based on recent trading activity. Where observable market data is unavailable due to a lack of trading activity, the Group utilizes internally developed models to estimate fair value and independent third parties to validate assumptions, when appropriate. Estimating fair value requires significant management judgment, including benchmarking to similar instruments with observable market data and applying appropriate discounts that reflect differences between the securities that the Group is valuing and the selected benchmark. Depending on the type of securities owned by the Group, other valuation methodologies may be required.
Measurement of fair value is classified within a hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The valuation hierarchy contains three levels:
Level 1 - Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 - Valuation inputs are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.
Level 3 - Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following tables present securities assets in the Сondensed Сonsolidated Balance Sheets or disclosed in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Total
Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2024 using
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
Significant Unobservable
Units
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 12.43  % $ 2,135,862  $ 1,455,803  $ 680,059  $ — 
Corporate debt 14.52  % 1,084,410  242,177  842,016  217 
Corporate equity 123,520  101,371  3,717  18,432 
U.S. sovereign debt 4.19  % 43,452  43,452  —  — 
Exchange traded notes 6,692  5,853  839  — 
Total trading securities $ 3,393,936  $ 1,848,656  $ 1,526,631  $ 18,649 
Corporate debt 14.96  % $ 194,327  $ 31,643  $ 162,684  $ — 
Non-US sovereign debt 11.73  % 52,413  45,027  7,386  — 
US sovereign debt 4.60  % 16,120  16,120  —  — 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 262,860  $ 92,790  $ 170,070  $  
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Total
Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2024 using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Units
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 11.61  % $ 2,409,126  $ 1,592,380  $ 816,746  $ — 
Corporate debt 14.83  % 1,108,870  171,218  937,360  292 
Corporate equity 126,103  102,134  3,819  20,150 
U.S. sovereign debt 4.98  % 43,173  43,173  —  — 
Exchange traded notes 1,348  1,045  303  — 
Total trading securities $ 3,688,620  $ 1,909,950  $ 1,758,228  $ 20,442 
Corporate debt 15.53  % $ 173,568  $ 47,135  $ 126,433  $ — 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 10.48  % 27,016  12,378  14,638  — 
U.S. sovereign debt 3.54  % 16,037  16,037  —  — 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 216,621  $ 75,550  $ 141,071  $  
The tables below present the valuation techniques and significant level 3 inputs used in the valuation as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024. The tables are not intended to be all inclusive, but instead capture the significant unobservable inputs relevant to determination of fair value.
Type Valuation Technique FV as of June 30, 2024 Significant Unobservable Inputs %
Corporate debt DCF 217  Discount rate 74.0%
Estimated number of years 3 months
Corporate equity DCF 18,296  Discount rate 13.0%
Estimated number of years 4 years, 6 months
Termination multiplier
27x
Corporate equity DCF 136  Discount rate 58.8%
Estimated number of years 9 years
Total $ 18,649 
Type Valuation Technique FV as of March 31, 2024 Significant Unobservable Inputs %
Corporate debt DCF $ 292  Discount rate 74.0%
Estimated number of years 3 months
Corporate equity DCF 20,007  Discount rate 13.0%
Estimated number of years 4 years, 6 months
Termination multiplier
27x
Corporate equity DCF 143  Discount rate 58.8%
Estimated number of years 9 years
Total $ 20,442 
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for investments that use Level 3 inputs for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and the year ended March 31, 2024:
Trading securities
Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ 5,138 
Reclassification to Level 2 $ (32)
Deconsolidation of Freedom UA securities (3,927)
Sale of investments that use Level 3 inputs (15,856)
Purchase of investments that use Level 3 inputs 35,807 
Revaluation of investments that use Level 3 inputs (132)
Reclassification to investment in associate (556)
Balance as of March 31, 2024 $ 20,442 
Reclassification to level 2 — 
Sale of investments that use Level 3 inputs — 
Purchase of investments that use Level 3 inputs — 
Revaluation of investments that use Level 3 inputs (1,792)
Balance as of June 30, 2024 $ 18,650 
The table below presents the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income, and fair value of available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:
June 30, 2024
Assets measured at amortized cost
Accumulated impairment loss
Unrealized loss accumulated in other comprehensive
income/(loss)
Assets
measured at
fair value
Maturity Date
Corporate debt $ 193,160  $ (51) $ 1,218  $ 194,327  2024-2039
Non-US sovereign debt 54,123  (312) (1,398) 52,413  2024-indefinite
U.S. sovereign debt 16,883  —  (763) 16,120  2027-2044
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 264,166  $ (363) (943) $ 262,860 
March 31, 2024
Assets measured at amortized cost
Accumulated impairment loss
Unrealized loss accumulated in other comprehensive
income/(loss)
Assets
measured at
fair value
Maturity Date
Corporate debt $ 172,689  $ (61) $ 940  $ 173,568  2024-2039
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 29,121  (352) $ (1,753) 27,016  2024-indefinite
U.S. sovereign debt 16,767  —  $ (730) 16,037  2027-2044
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 218,577  $ (413) $ (1,543) $ 216,621