Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

v3.24.1.1.u2
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Overview
Freedom Holding Corp. (the "Company" or "FRHC" and, together with its subsidiaries, the "Group") is a corporation organized in the United States under the laws of the State of Nevada that through its operating subsidiaries provides securities brokerage, securities dealing for customers and for our own account, market making activities, investment research, investment counseling, investment banking services, retail and commercial banking, insurance products, payment services, and information processing services. The Company also owns several ancillary businesses which complement its core financial services businesses, including telecommunications and media businesses in Kazakhstan that are in a developmental stage. The Company's headquarters is in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with supporting administrative office locations in Cyprus and the United States. The Group has a presence in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Cyprus, Germany, the United Kingdom, United States, Greece, Spain, France, Poland, Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and United Arab Emirates. The Company's subsidiaries in the United States include a broker-dealer that is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). The Company's common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market and the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange ("KASE").
As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned, directly or indirectly, the following companies:

Name of subsidiary Jurisdiction of Incorporation Number of subsidiaries Business Area
Brokerage Segment
Freedom Finance JSC ("Freedom KZ")
Kazakhstan
3
Securities broker-dealer
Freedom Finance Global PLC ("Freedom Global")
Kazakhstan
Securities broker-dealer
Freedom Finance Europe Limited ("Freedom EU")
Cyprus
2
Securities broker-dealer
Freedom Finance Armenia LLC ("Freedom AR")
Armenia
Securities broker-dealer
Prime Executions, Inc. ("PrimeEx")
USA
Securities broker-dealer
Foreign Enterprise LLC Freedom Finance
Uzbekistan
Securities broker-dealer
Banking Segment
Freedom Bank Kazakhstan JSC ("Freedom Bank KZ")
Kazakhstan 1
Commercial bank
Insurance Segment
Freedom Finance Life JSC ("Freedom Life")
Kazakhstan Life/health insurance
Freedom Finance Insurance JSC ("Freedom Insurance")
Kazakhstan
General insurance
Other segment
Ticketon Events LLP ("Ticketon")
Kazakhstan 3
Online ticket sales
Freedom Finance Special Purpose Company LTD ("Freedom SPC")
Kazakhstan
Issuance of debt securities
Freedom Finance Commercial LLP
Kazakhstan
Sales consulting
ITS Tech Limited
Kazakhstan
IT support
Freedom Technologies LLP ("Paybox")
Kazakhstan 5
Payment services
Aviata LLP ("Aviata")
Kazakhstan
Online travel ticket aggregator
Internet-Tourism LLP ("Internet Tourism")
Kazakhstan
Online travel ticket aggregator
Arbuz Group LLP ("Arbuz")
Kazakhstan 3
Online retail trade and e-commerce
Comrun LLP ("ReKassa")
Kazakhstan
Mobile and web application
Freedom Telecom Holding Limited ("Freedom Telecom")
Kazakhstan 3
Telecommunications
Freedom Kazakhstan PC Ltd
Kazakhstan
6 Holding company
Freedom Advertising Ltd
Kazakhstan
Advertising
Freedom Shapagat Corporate Fund
Kazakhstan
Non-profit
FRHC Fractional SPC LTD
Kazakhstan
Issuance of debt securities
Holding Operations LLP
Kazakhstan
Hiring and recruitment
Freedom Horizons LLP
Kazakhstan
Business consulting and services
Freedom Finance Azerbaijan LLC
Azerbaijan Financial educational center
Freedom Finance FZE.
UAE
Consulting
Freedom Management Ltd.
UAE Consulting
Freedom Finance Turkey LLC
Turkey
Financial consulting
Freedom Finance Technologies Ltd
Cyprus
IT development
Freedom Prime UK Limited ("Prime UK")
UK Management consulting
Freedom Structured Products PLC
Cyprus
Financial services
FFIN Securities, Inc.
USA
Dormant
Freedom U.S. Market LLC
USA 1 Management company
LD Micro ("LD Micro")
USA
Event platform

As at March 31, 2024 the Company owns a 9% interest in Freedom UA, a Kiev, Ukraine-based broker-dealer. The remaining 91% interest in Freedom UA is controlled by Askar Tashtitov, the Company's president. The Company entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Freedom UA and Mr. Tashtitov, including a consulting services agreement, an operating agreement and an option agreement.
On October 19, 2022, Freedom UA's brokerage license was suspended for a period of five years and its assets were frozen by the Ukrainian authorities following its inclusion on a sanctions list of the Ukrainian government. Given the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the situation in Ukraine, the management of the Company believes that as of March 31, 2024 the Company does not maintain effective control over Freedom UA.
Through its subsidiaries, the Company is a professional participant, with a license to provide one or more types of services, on a number of stock exchanges, including the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), the Astana International Stock Exchange (AIX), the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE) and the Uzbek Republican Currency Exchange (UZCE) and is a member of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Nasdaq Stock Exchange (Nasdaq). The Company also owns a 24.3% interest in the Ukrainian Exchange (UX). Freedom EU provides the Company's clients with operational support and access to investment opportunities in the United States and European securities markets.